Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi Linganishi wa Kiutamaduni wa Kiutawala	Utafiti Linganishi wa Kesi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1987 (IE origin); comparative applications developed 1990s–2000s	1984 (Yin); 1995 (Stake)
Mwanzilishi	Dorothy E. Smith (IE foundation); comparative extension by subsequent IE scholars	Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake
Aina	Qualitative multi-site institutional design	Qualitative / mixed research design
Chanzo asilia	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105508	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Majina mbadala	CIE, comparative IE, multi-site institutional ethnography, cross-institutional ethnography	cross-case study, multi-site case study, multiple case study design, comparative case analysis
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	Comparative Institutional Ethnography (CIE) extends Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography to two or more institutional settings, revealing how texts, ruling relations, and coordinated work practices operate across different organizational contexts. By holding the standpoint of workers or clients constant while varying the institutional site, CIE exposes both the shared ideological mechanisms and the local divergences that shape everyday experience within institutions such as hospitals, schools, welfare agencies, or courts.	Comparative case study is a qualitative research design in which two or more bounded cases are studied in depth and then systematically compared to identify similarities, differences, and patterns across contexts. Rooted in Yin's replication logic and Stake's multiple case framework, it is particularly suited to questions that ask how or why a phenomenon unfolds differently — or similarly — across distinct settings, populations, or time periods.