Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti Linganishi wa Kihistoria wa Nyaraka	Utafiti Linganishi wa Kesi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Uwandani	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	Late 19th century (archival foundations); mid-20th century (comparative systematic application)	1984 (Yin); 1995 (Stake)
Mwanzilishi	Leopold von Ranke (archival history); Theda Skocpol, Barrington Moore (comparative-historical synthesis)	Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake
Aina	Qualitative comparative research design	Qualitative / mixed research design
Chanzo asilia	Skocpol, T. (1979). States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521294997	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Majina mbadala	comparative-historical analysis, cross-national archival research, comparative archival history, CHAR	cross-case study, multi-site case study, multiple case study design, comparative case analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	4
Muhtasari	Comparative historical archival research combines systematic examination of primary archival sources across two or more historical cases — nations, regions, institutions, or time periods — to identify causal patterns, structural similarities, and divergences that single-case histories cannot reveal. It is the method of choice when researchers want to explain why similar or different outcomes emerged across distinct historical contexts using documentary evidence.	Comparative case study is a qualitative research design in which two or more bounded cases are studied in depth and then systematically compared to identify similarities, differences, and patterns across contexts. Rooted in Yin's replication logic and Stake's multiple case framework, it is particularly suited to questions that ask how or why a phenomenon unfolds differently — or similarly — across distinct settings, populations, or time periods.