Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi Linganishi wa Hati	Utafiti Linganishi wa Kesi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	Mid-to-late 20th century; consolidated as explicit qualitative method by 2000s	1984 (Yin); 1995 (Stake)
Mwanzilishi	Rooted in historical and social science documentary methods; systematised by scholars such as Lindsay Prior and Glenn Bowen	Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake
Aina	Qualitative comparative research design	Qualitative / mixed research design
Chanzo asilia	Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Majina mbadala	comparative documentary analysis, cross-document analysis, comparative textual analysis, comparative archival analysis	cross-case study, multi-site case study, multiple case study design, comparative case analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	4
Muhtasari	Comparative document analysis is a qualitative research design that systematically examines two or more documents — or document sets — side by side to identify similarities, differences, patterns, and contradictions across contexts, institutions, time periods, or jurisdictions. Drawing on document analysis as a primary method, the comparative dimension adds analytical leverage by allowing the researcher to ask not just what a document says, but how and why it differs from comparable documents elsewhere.	Comparative case study is a qualitative research design in which two or more bounded cases are studied in depth and then systematically compared to identify similarities, differences, and patterns across contexts. Rooted in Yin's replication logic and Stake's multiple case framework, it is particularly suited to questions that ask how or why a phenomenon unfolds differently — or similarly — across distinct settings, populations, or time periods.