Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kulinganisha wa Kidijitali wa Kiethnografia	Ethnografiya ya kidijitali
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995–2000 (multi-sited framework 1995; virtual ethnography 2000)	Late 1990s – 2000s
Mwanzilishi	Christine Hine (digital ethnography); George E. Marcus (multi-sited ethnography)	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert V. Kozinets (netnography)
Aina	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
Chanzo asilia	Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761958963	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228
Majina mbadala	CDE, multi-site digital ethnography, cross-platform ethnography, comparative virtual ethnography	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, internet ethnography, netnography
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	Comparative Digital Ethnography (CDE) is a qualitative design that applies ethnographic methods — sustained participant observation, interview, and artefact analysis — across two or more digital settings simultaneously. By systematically comparing practices, meanings, and interactions in different online environments (e.g., distinct platforms, communities, or national contexts), CDE surfaces both site-specific patterns and cross-cutting cultural logics that a single-site study would miss.	Digital ethnography is a qualitative research method that adapts traditional ethnographic fieldwork to online and digitally mediated settings. Drawing on sustained participant observation, document collection, and sometimes interviews, the researcher immerses themselves in one or more digital communities — social media platforms, forums, gaming spaces, or messaging groups — to understand how culture, identity, and social practice are constructed through digital interaction. The approach recognises that online spaces are not merely reflections of offline life but distinctive sites of cultural production in their own right.