Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi Linganishi wa Mazungumzo	Uchanganuzi wa Wigo
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1974 (CA foundation); comparative applications from 1980s–1990s	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)
Mwanzilishi	Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff, Gail Jefferson (CA foundation); comparative extension developed across the field from the 1980s onward	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell
Aina	Qualitative micro-analytic research design	Method
Chanzo asilia	Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50(4), 696–735.	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.
Majina mbadala	comparative CA, cross-contextual conversation analysis, comparative interactional analysis, comparative talk-in-interaction	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis
Zinazohusiana	3	2
Muhtasari	Comparative Conversation Analysis (comparative CA) applies the rigorous micro-analytic methods of Conversation Analysis across two or more contrasting interactional settings, languages, cultures, or participant groups. It examines how the sequential organisation of talk — turn-taking, repair, adjacency pairs, and action formation — varies or remains stable across contexts, producing cross-contextual evidence about the architecture of human interaction.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.