Linganisha mbinu

	Ugunduzi wa Jumuiya	Ngeli ya Kiwango cha Juu (Hierarchical Clustering)
Nyanja	Uchanganuzi wa Mitandao	Ujifunzaji wa Mashine
Familia	Process / pipeline	Machine learning
Mwaka wa asili	2002–2019 (algorithm family)	1963
Mwanzilishi	Louvain: Blondel et al. (2008); Leiden: Traag et al. (2019); Girvan-Newman: Girvan & Newman (2002); Infomap: Rosvall & Bergstrom (2008)	Ward, J. H.
Aina	Graph-partitioning / clustering algorithm family	Unsupervised clustering (agglomerative)
Chanzo asilia	Blondel, V.D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R. & Lefebvre, E. (2008). Fast Unfolding of Communities in Large Networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics, 2008(10), P10008.	Ward, J. H. (1963). Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(301), 236–244.
Majina mbadala	graph clustering, network partitioning, Topluluk Tespiti (Louvain, Girvan-Newman, Leiden)	Hiyerarşik Kümeleme, hiyerarşik kümeleme, agglomerative clustering, hierarchical agglomerative clustering
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	Community detection is a family of graph-partitioning algorithms that discover densely connected sub-groups — communities — within a network. First formalised through the modularity measure by Girvan and Newman (2002), the field advanced rapidly with the Louvain method (Blondel et al., 2008), the Leiden refinement (Traag et al., 2019), and the information-theoretic Infomap approach. All variants answer the same question: which nodes cluster together more tightly among themselves than with the rest of the network?	Hierarchical clustering is an unsupervised method that groups observations into nested clusters and draws the result as a dendrogram, so the number of clusters need not be fixed in advance. Its agglomerative form rests on the objective-function grouping criterion introduced by Joe Ward in 1963.