Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Kuhisi Kuwa Sehemu ya Jamii	Kiwango cha Umoja wa Kijamii
Nyanja	Sosholojia ya Siasa	Sosholojia ya Siasa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1974–1999	1997–2006
Mwanzilishi	Seymour Sarason, David McMillan, David Chavis	Robert Sampson, Ray Forrest, Akhtar Kearns
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Sarason, S. B. (1974). The psychological sense of community: Prospects for a community psychology. Jossey-Bass.	Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918-924.
Majina mbadala	CBS, Community Integration Scale	SCS, Social Integration Index
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Community Belonging Scale measures the subjective psychological sense of community—the feeling that one belongs, is accepted, and is valued within one's community. Distinct from objective measures of networks or participation, it captures the affective experience of community integration. Developed by Seymour Sarason and refined by McMillan and Chavis, it is grounded in community psychology and emphasizes that belonging is fundamental to mental health and social well-being.	The Social Cohesion Scale measures the degree to which members of a community feel integrated, connected, and unified by shared values and mutual support. Developed across multiple traditions—notably by Robert Sampson and colleagues in criminology and urban sociology, and by Forrest & Kearns in housing research—it assesses both the structural glue (institutions, networks) and affective bonds (belonging, solidarity) that hold communities together.