Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Ukoloni-Uindividualisti	Kipimo cha Mtaji wa Kijamii
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1994	2000
Mwanzilishi	Theodore M. Singelis and Hazel R. Markus	Robert D. Putnam, Jill Onyx, and Paul Bullen
Aina	Self-report Likert scale	Self-report Likert scale
Chanzo asilia	Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580–591.	Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster.
Majina mbadala	C-I Scale	SCS
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Collectivism-Individualism Scale is a self-report measure designed to assess individual differences in independent versus interdependent self-construal and cultural orientation toward individualism and collectivism. Developed by Singelis (1994) and refined through subsequent research by Triandis and colleagues, the scale operationalizes self-concept dimensions as independent (autonomous, unique) or interdependent (connected, embedded in relationships). It has become a fundamental tool for cross-cultural psychology research.	The Social Capital Scale is a self-report measure designed to assess the presence and extent of social capital in individuals and communities. Building on Robert D. Putnam's influential work on social capital as shared norms, networks, and reciprocity, the scale measures dimensions of social connection, participation in community life, and access to social resources. Multiple versions exist, including the scale developed by Onyx and Bullen (2000) with community-level validation.