Linganisha mbinu

	Collective Action Tendency Measurement (SIMCA)	Relative Deprivation Scale
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Siasa	Saikolojia ya Siasa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2008	1966
Mwanzilishi	Martijn van Zomeren, Tom Postmes & Russell Spears	Walter Runciman; Heather Smith & Thomas Pettigrew
Aina	Self-report multi-construct measure	Self-report perception scale
Chanzo asilia	van Zomeren, M., Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2008). Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research synthesis of three socio-psychological perspectives. Psychological Bulletin, 134(4), 504-535.	Smith, H. J., Pettigrew, T. F., Pippin, G. M., & Bialosiewicz, S. (2012). Relative deprivation: A theoretical and meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(3), 203-232.
Majina mbadala	SIMCA, Collective Action Scale, Protest Intention Measure	RD Scale, Fraternal Relative Deprivation Scale, Group Relative Deprivation Measure
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Collective action tendency measurement, organized by the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA; van Zomeren, Postmes and Spears, 2008), assesses the psychological predictors of willingness to engage in protest and group-based political action: perceived injustice (especially group-based anger), group efficacy, and politicized social identity. SIMCA integrates these three traditions into a structural model in which identity drives action both directly and through injustice and efficacy.	The Relative Deprivation Scale measures the subjective sense that one's own group (fraternal/group relative deprivation) or oneself (egoistic/individual relative deprivation) is unjustly worse off than a relevant comparison standard, accompanied by feelings of resentment. Building on Runciman (1966) and synthesized by Smith and colleagues (2012), it captures the three-component process, cognitive comparison, appraisal of injustice, and affective resentment, that links inequality to political action.