Linganisha mbinu

	Mahojiano ya Simu kwa Hali ya Utambuzi	Kiwango cha Ushiriki wa Kijamii
Nyanja	Jerontolojia	Jerontolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1988	2000s
Mwanzilishi	J.C. Breitner	Various
Aina	Telephone-administered cognitive interview	Self-report scale of social engagement
Chanzo asilia	Breitner, J. C., Folstein, M. F., & Murphy, E. A. (1989). Familial aggregation in Alzheimer dementia: comparison of risk estimates. Genet Epidemiol, 6(1), 35-45.	Paulson, D., & Willig, C. (2008). Older adults' engagement with online information about health: web site accessibility, usefulness, and trust. Gerontology, 54(5), 523-533.
Majina mbadala	TICS, TICS-m, Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status	SES, Social Engagement Score
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) is a telephone-administered cognitive screening instrument developed by Breitner and colleagues in the late 1980s and modified (TICS-m) to assess cognitive function in older adults via remote interview. Designed for epidemiological studies and clinical research where in-person assessment is impractical or resource-intensive, the TICS combines questions assessing orientation, attention, language, memory, and reasoning in a format suitable for administration by trained interviewers without specialized clinical equipment. It has become widely used in longitudinal cohort studies, clinical trials, and telemedicine settings for cognitive screening and monitoring.	The Social Engagement Scale (SES) is a brief self-report measure assessing the frequency and quality of social contact and participation in social activities in older adults. While multiple versions exist (developed by various researchers in gerontology), the core concept measures social connection—the degree to which individuals maintain relationships with family and friends, participate in community activities, and feel engaged with others. The SES is used in research, clinical gerontology, and public health to evaluate social isolation risk, predict mortality and health outcomes, and measure outcomes of social intervention programs.