Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| CO2SYS× | Jumla za Joto (Degree Heating Weeks)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Oseanografia | Oseanografia |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1998 | 2003 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Ernie Lewis | NOAA Coral Reef Watch |
| Aina≠ | calculation-software | thermal-metric |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Lewis, E., & Wallace, D. W. R. (1998). Program developed for CO2 system calculations. ORNL/CDIAC-105. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. link ↗ | Liu, G., Strong, A. E., & Skirving, W. (2003). Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Great Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS Transactions, 84(15), 137-141. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | CO2SYS, Carbonate System Solver | DHW, Thermal Stress Index |
| Zinazohusiana | 3 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | CO2SYS is a widely-used software package for calculating the speciation and equilibrium state of the marine carbonate system from measurements of two carbonate parameters. Developed by Ernie Lewis and Doug Wallace in 1998, CO2SYS enables oceanographers to compute all carbonate species (dissolved CO2, bicarbonate, carbonate), saturation states, and pH from pairs of measured parameters. The tool is essential for ocean acidification monitoring and research. | Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) is a thermal stress metric that quantifies accumulated heat exposure above a coral bleaching threshold, computed from satellite sea surface temperature data. Developed by NOAA's Coral Reef Watch program in 2003, DHW provides a standardized index for predicting and monitoring coral bleaching stress globally. The metric combines intensity and duration of thermal anomalies to estimate cumulative physiological stress on coral colonies. |
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