Linganisha mbinu

	Jaribio la Kifaktoria la Makundi Lililopangwa Nasibu	Majaribio Yanayodhibitiwa kwa Vikundi Vilivyopangwa kwa Nasibu
Nyanja	Muundo wa Majaribio	Muundo wa Majaribio
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s (formalized in group-randomized trial literature)	1978–1980s
Mwanzilishi	David M. Murray and colleagues; Allan Donner & Neil Klar	Cornfield (1978); systematised by Donner and colleagues (1980s)
Aina	Experimental design	Experimental design
Chanzo asilia	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120912	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978
Majina mbadala	cluster-randomized factorial design, group-randomized factorial trial, CRT factorial, clustered factorial experiment	cluster RCT, group-randomized trial, community randomized trial, cluster-randomized experiment
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	A cluster randomized factorial experiment assigns intact groups (clusters such as schools, clinics, or communities) at random to all combinations of two or more treatment factors, enabling simultaneous evaluation of multiple interventions and their interactions while respecting the natural grouping of participants. It merges the logistical and ethical advantages of cluster randomization with the efficiency of factorial design.	A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical.