Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Jaribio Lililobadilika kwa Kubahatisha kwa Ngeli× | Majaribio Yanayodhibitiwa kwa Vikundi Vilivyopangwa kwa Nasibu× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Muundo wa Majaribio | Muundo wa Majaribio |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2000s–2010s | 1978–1980s |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Synthesised from cluster randomization methodology (Donner, 1978; Donner & Klar, 2000) and adaptive design frameworks (Bauer & Kohne, 1994; Pallmann et al., 2018) | Cornfield (1978); systematised by Donner and colleagues (1980s) |
| Aina | Experimental design | Experimental design |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Hayes, R. J., & Moulton, L. H. (2017). Cluster Randomised Trials (2nd ed.). CRC Press / Chapman & Hall. ISBN: 978-1498728225 | Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978 |
| Majina mbadala | adaptive cluster RCT, adaptive group-randomized trial, cluster adaptive design, adaptive cluster trial | cluster RCT, group-randomized trial, community randomized trial, cluster-randomized experiment |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | A cluster randomized adaptive experiment combines two methodological principles: (1) intact groups such as schools, clinics, or villages are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individuals, and (2) pre-specified rules allow the design to be modified during the trial based on accumulating cluster-level data. Adaptations may include dropping underperforming arms, reallocating clusters, or adjusting sample size, while maintaining statistical validity and controlling Type I error. | A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical. |
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