Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Udhaifu wa Kliniki (CFS)	Chombo cha Kuchunguza Utapiamlo (MST)
Nyanja	Uuguzi	Uuguzi
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2005	1999
Mwanzilishi	Kenneth Rockwood	Michelle Ferguson
Aina	Clinician-rated frailty assessment	Patient self-report screening tool
Chanzo asilia	Rockwood, K., Song, X., MacKnight, C., et al. (2005). A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ, 173(5), 489-495.	Ferguson, M., Capra, S., Bauer, J., & Banks, M. (1999). Development of a valid and reliable malnutrition screening tool for adult acute hospital patients. Nutrition, 15(6), 458-464.
Majina mbadala	CFS, Frailty Scale, Clinical Frailty Assessment	MST, Malnutrition Screening, Nutritional Risk Screen
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), developed by Kenneth Rockwood and colleagues in 2005, is a brief, validated tool for assessing frailty in older adults. Frailty—a syndrome of diminished physiologic reserve, increased vulnerability, and reduced functional ability—is recognized as a distinct clinical state that predicts mortality, disability, and healthcare utilization independent of age and comorbidities. The CFS uses a seven-point (or nine-point in later versions) clinical judgment-based scale, making it practical and rapid for bedside use in hospitals, clinics, and long-term care.	The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), developed by Michelle Ferguson and colleagues in 1999, is a brief, validated screening instrument designed to identify hospitalized patients at risk for malnutrition. The tool consists of two simple questions about recent unintentional weight loss and reduced food intake, yielding a quick numerical score. Since its publication, the MST has become widely adopted in acute hospitals, residential aged care facilities, and community settings as a rapid, reliable first-line screen for nutritional risk.