Linganisha mbinu

	Nadharia Iliyoanzishwa ya Kawaida	Utafiti wa kifani	Utafiti wa Kimaadili
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1967	1984 (seminal codification)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Mwanzilishi	Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Aina	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Chanzo asilia	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine.	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Majina mbadala	Glaserian GT, CGT, original grounded theory, classic GT	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Zinazohusiana	6	5	5
Muhtasari	Classic Grounded Theory (CGT) is a systematic qualitative methodology for generating substantive theory from empirical data. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, it uses iterative cycles of data collection, constant comparison, and memo writing to produce a core category and surrounding conceptual framework that explains a social or psychological process. Unlike its later variants, Glaserian CGT insists on emergence — theory must arise from data without forcing preconceived frameworks.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.