Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Circuitscape	Uundaji wa Niche
Nyanja	Ikolojia	Ikolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2008	1999
Mwanzilishi	Brad McRae	Steven Phillips and David Stockwell
Aina	movement and connectivity modeling	species distribution prediction
Chanzo asilia	Bradford, D. F., McCreary, D. D., & Groves, C. R. (2014). Optimizing sampling for large-area habitat assessment. Ecological Monographs, 84(3), 351-375.	Phillips, S. J., Anderson, R. P., & Schapire, R. E. (2006). Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling, 190(3-4), 231-259.
Majina mbadala	circuit theory, resistance distance, connectivity analysis, landscape conductance	species distribution modeling, habitat suitability modeling, ecological niche model, MaxEnt
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Circuitscape, developed by Brad McRae (2008), applies circuit theory from electrical engineering to predict organism movement and genetic connectivity across landscapes. The method treats landscapes as electrical networks where habitat quality is resistance and organism movement is electrical current. By analogy, organisms diffusing through a landscape follow paths determined by landscape resistance: corridors of low resistance (good habitat) are preferentially used. Circuitscape predicts movement probabilities, identifies critical corridors, and quantifies connectivity between habitat patches.	Niche modeling, also called species distribution modeling (SDM), predicts the geographic range and habitat suitability of species using presence-only or presence-background occurrence data and environmental variables. MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy, Phillips et al. 2006) and GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction, Stockwell & Peters 1999) are two prominent algorithms. These methods identify the environmental conditions under which species are likely to occur, enabling prediction of distribution beyond sampled areas and assessment of habitat suitability across landscapes.