Linganisha mbinu

	Maswali ya Kukubali Maumivu Makali	Kiwango cha Katastrofiki cha Maumivu
Nyanja	Tiba ya Maumivu	Tiba ya Maumivu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1998	1995
Mwanzilishi	Lance M. McCracken	Michael J. Sullivan and Steven R. Bishop
Aina	Self-report questionnaire measuring pain acceptance and behavioral engagement	Self-report questionnaire measuring catastrophic thinking about pain
Chanzo asilia	McCracken, L.M. (1998). Learning to live with the pain: Acceptance of pain predicts adjustment in persons with chronic pain. Pain, 74(1), 21-27.	Sullivan, M.J., Bishop, S.R., & Pivik, J. (1995). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524-532.
Majina mbadala	CPAQ, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Pain Scale	PCS, Catastrophizing Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) is a 20-item self-report instrument developed by McCracken in 1998 to measure pain acceptance—the willingness to experience pain while continuing with valued life activities. Unlike pain management approaches focused on pain reduction, the CPAQ operationalizes acceptance-based treatment philosophy grounded in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), measuring psychological flexibility in the context of chronic pain.	The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-report questionnaire developed by Sullivan, Bishop, and Pivik in 1995 to measure catastrophic thinking about pain—the tendency to magnify pain threat, ruminate about pain, and feel helpless in response to pain. Elevated catastrophizing predicts worse pain outcomes and is a key treatment target in cognitive-behavioral pain management.