Linganisha mbinu

	Alama ya CHA₂DS₂-VASc	Alama ya APACHE II	Kiwango cha qSOFA	Wells Score kwa DVT
Nyanja	Tathmini ya Kliniki	Tathmini ya Kliniki	Tathmini ya Kliniki	Tathmini ya Kliniki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2010	1985	2016	1994
Mwanzilishi	Gregory Y. H. Lip, Robby Nieuwlaat, et al.	William A. Knaus, et al.	Sepsis-3 Taskforce	Philip S. Wells
Aina	Atrial fibrillation stroke risk stratification	ICU severity and mortality prediction	Rapid sepsis screening	Venous thromboembolism risk stratification
Chanzo asilia	Lip, G. Y., Nieuwlaat, R., Pisters, R., Lane, D. A., & Crijns, H. J. (2010). Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest, 137(2), 263-272.	Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1985). APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Critical Care Medicine, 13(10), 818-829.	Singer, M., Deutschman, C. S., Seymour, C. W., et al. (2016). The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA, 315(8), 801-810.	Wells, P. S., Hirsh, J., Anderson, D. R., et al. (1994). A simple clinical model for the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis combined with impedance plethysmography. Archives of Internal Medicine, 154(13), 1541-1546.
Majina mbadala	CHA2DS2VASc, Atrial fibrillation stroke risk	APACHE-II, APACHE2	Quick SOFA, qSOFA	Wells DVT Score, DVT Wells
Zinazohusiana	3	3	3	3
Muhtasari	The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, developed by Lip, Nieuwlaat, and colleagues in 2010, is a 9-point risk stratification tool for predicting annual stroke and systemic thromboembolism risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. It is the recommended score by major cardiology guidelines for guiding anticoagulation decisions.	The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, introduced by Knaus et al. in 1985, is a 71-point severity of illness classification system for critically ill patients. It combines acute physiological parameters, age, and chronic health status to predict intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, facilitating patient risk stratification and research standardization.	The Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score, introduced by the Sepsis-3 taskforce in 2016, is a rapid 3-variable bedside screening tool for identifying non-ICU patients at high risk of sepsis-related mortality. It uses altered mentation, systolic hypotension, and tachypnea to quickly stratify patients without requiring laboratory testing.	The Wells score, developed by Wells et al. in 1994, is a clinical prediction rule that stratifies patients into low, intermediate, or high pretest probability of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It combines seven clinical features to guide diagnostic testing decisions and reduce unnecessary imaging in suspected DVT patients.