Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi Tambuzi wa Kipengele	Alpha ya Cronbach (Uchambuzi wa Kuegemeza)
Nyanja	Saikometriki	Takwimu
Familia	Latent structure	Latent structure
Mwaka wa asili	1969	1951
Mwanzilishi	Karl Jöreskog	Lee J. Cronbach
Aina	Measurement model / latent variable analysis	Reliability / internal consistency coefficient
Chanzo asilia	Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1462515363	Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.
Majina mbadala	Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi — Ölçek Doğrulama (CFA), confirmatory factor analysis, measurement model testing	coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha)
Zinazohusiana	6	4
Muhtasari	Confirmatory factor analysis is a measurement modelling technique that tests whether a hypothesised factor structure — typically derived from theory or an earlier exploratory analysis — fits observed data from a new sample. Developed by Karl Jöreskog in 1969, it became the dominant tool for validating psychological scales because it requires the researcher to specify in advance which items belong to which latent factor and then assesses the adequacy of that specification against explicit statistical fit criteria.	Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research.