Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Kituo cha Utafiti wa Afya ya Jamii cha Huzuni (CES-D)× | Kiwango cha Afya kwa Ujumla-12 (GHQ-12)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Kliniki | Saikolojia ya Kliniki |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1977 | 1992 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | David P. Goldberg |
| Aina≠ | Community-based depression assessment | Psychiatric symptom screening |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | CES-D, CESD | GHQ-12, GHQ |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings. |
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