Linganisha mbinu

	Causal Mediation Analysis	Urejeshaji wa Njia ya Viwango Vidogo vya Kawaida (OLS)
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2010	2019
Mwanzilishi	Pearl (2001); general framework by Imai, Keele & Tingley (2010)	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares
Aina	Counterfactual causal decomposition	Linear regression
Chanzo asilia	Pearl, J. (2001). Direct and Indirect Effects. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), 411-420.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860
Majina mbadala	natural direct effect, natural indirect effect, NDE / NIE decomposition, counterfactual mediation	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Causal mediation analysis is a counterfactual framework that splits a treatment's total effect into a Natural Direct Effect (NDE) and a Natural Indirect Effect (NIE) that runs through a mediator. The modern general approach was formalised by Pearl (2001) and Imai, Keele and Tingley (2010), giving the decomposition a precise causal interpretation.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).