Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Athari ya Kifahili	Ulinganishaji wa Alama ya Mwelekeo
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Takwimu za Utafiti
Familia	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2015	1983
Mwanzilishi	Kay H. Brodersen, Fabian Gallusser, Jim Koehler, Nicolas Remy, Steven L. Scott (Google)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
Aina	Bayesian causal inference / counterfactual forecasting	Method
Chanzo asilia	Brodersen, K. H., Gallusser, F., Koehler, J., Remy, N., & Scott, S. L. (2015). Inferring causal impact using Bayesian structural time-series models. Annals of Applied Statistics, 9(1), 247-274.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
Majina mbadala	CausalImpact, BSTS causal inference, Bayesian causal impact, counterfactual time-series analysis	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
Zinazohusiana	5	3
Muhtasari	Causal Impact Analysis, introduced by Brodersen et al. (2015) at Google, uses Bayesian structural time-series models to estimate what would have happened to an outcome had an intervention never occurred. By constructing a probabilistic counterfactual from pre-treatment data and control covariates, it quantifies point-in-time and cumulative treatment effects with full posterior uncertainty intervals.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.