Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kesi	Uchambuzi wa Hadithi	Utafiti wa Kinadharia
Nyanja	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1984 (Yin); 1995 (Stake)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)	1900s (Husserl); 1920s (Heidegger)
Mwanzilishi	Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake; Sharan Merriam	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)	Edmund Husserl (descriptive) and Martin Heidegger (interpretive)
Aina	Method	Qualitative interpretive method	Method
Chanzo asilia	Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications.	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.	Husserl, E. (1931). Cartesian meditations: An introduction to phenomenology (D. Cairns, Trans.). Martinus Nijhoff.
Majina mbadala	Case Study, Single Case Study, Multiple Case Study	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)	Phenomenology, Descriptive Phenomenology, Interpretive Phenomenology
Zinazohusiana	4	6	3
Muhtasari	Case study research is an intensive, contextual investigation of a single case (or small number of cases) to explore a phenomenon in depth. Developed systematically by Robert K. Yin (1984) and Robert E. Stake (1995), case study research employs multiple data sources (interviews, observation, documents, artifacts) to produce a holistic understanding of a bounded phenomenon within its real-world context.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.	Phenomenological research is a qualitative methodology focused on understanding the lived experience of a phenomenon as it is experienced by individuals. Rooted in the philosophical traditions of Edmund Husserl (descriptive phenomenology) and Martin Heidegger (interpretive phenomenology), this approach seeks to uncover the essential structures and meanings of human experience.