Linganisha mbinu

	Candidate Evaluation Model	Kipimo cha Utambulisho wa Mfuasi wa Chama (Partisan Identity Scale)
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Siasa	Saikolojia ya Siasa
Familia	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995	1960
Mwanzilishi	Milton Lodge, Marco Steenbergen & Donald Kinder	Angus Campbell et al.
Aina	Latent evaluation model	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Lodge, M., Steenbergen, M. R., & Brau, S. (1995). The responsive voter: Campaign information and the dynamics of candidate evaluation. American Political Science Review, 89(2), 309-326.	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Majina mbadala	Impression-Driven Evaluation Model, Online Processing Model, Candidate Trait Evaluation Model	PAS, Party Identification, Partisan Strength
Zinazohusiana	4	3
Muhtasari	A candidate evaluation model represents how voters form overall assessments of political candidates as a latent function of perceived traits (competence, leadership, integrity, empathy), partisanship, issue proximity, and affect. It spans the trait-based factor models of Kinder et al. (1980) and the online-processing tally model of Lodge, Steenbergen and Brau (1995), which describes evaluation as a running summary updated as information arrives.	The Partisan Identity Scale measures strength and direction of psychological attachment to a political party, encompassing both party preference and emotional party identification. Foundational since Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960), the measure distinguishes party affiliation (which party one is registered with) from party identification (psychological identity with a party as a social group). Partisan identity is among the strongest predictors of voting behavior, political attitudes, and interpretation of political information, functioning as a 'perceptual filter' through which voters process news.