Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Cross-sectionally Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF)	Jaribio la Pesaran CD: Utambuzi wa Utegemezi wa Kimitambuka kwa Data ya Paneli
Nyanja	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki
Familia	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
Mwaka wa asili	2007	2021
Mwanzilishi	M. Hashem Pesaran	M. Hashem Pesaran
Aina	Panel unit-root test with cross-sectional augmentation	Non-parametric diagnostic test
Chanzo asilia	Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265–312.	Pesaran, M. H. (2021). General diagnostic tests for cross-sectional dependence in panels. Empirical Economics, 60(1), 13–50.
Majina mbadala	Cross-Sectionally Augmented ADF, Panel CADF Test, Pesaran Panel Unit Root Test, CADF Birim Kök Testi	CD Test, Cross-Sectional Dependence Test, Pesaran General CD Test, Kesitsel Bağımlılık Testi
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Cross-sectionally Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) test, introduced by Pesaran (2007), is a second-generation panel unit-root test designed to handle cross-sectional dependence among panel units. Unlike first-generation panel unit-root tests that assume cross-sectional independence, the CADF test augments individual ADF regressions with cross-sectional averages of lagged levels and first differences, making it suitable for macro-panels and cross-country studies where common factors drive co-movement.	The Pesaran CD test is a general diagnostic procedure for detecting cross-sectional dependence in panel data models. Developed by M. Hashem Pesaran (2021), it is applicable to both balanced and unbalanced panels with large N and T, and retains validity under heterogeneous slope coefficients. The test is widely adopted in empirical economics, finance, and political economy as a prerequisite check before selecting appropriate estimators or unit-root tests for panel datasets.