Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Hisia Chanya	Kipimo cha Ustawi wa Kisaikolojia (Subjective Well-Being Scale)
Nyanja	Saikolojia Chanya	Saikolojia Chanya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2001	1985
Mwanzilishi	Barbara Fredrickson	Ed Diener and colleagues
Aina	Self-report affect scale	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The Broaden-and-Build Theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226.	Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46(2), 137–155.
Majina mbadala	Positive Affect Scale, PAS	SWB
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Positive Emotions Scale measures the frequency or intensity of positive emotions experienced by individuals. Drawing on Fredrickson's Broaden-and-Build Theory of positive emotions, this scale operationalizes the understanding that positive emotional states (joy, contentment, interest, gratitude, serenity) have cognitive and behavioral consequences—they broaden attention and thinking, building psychological, intellectual, and social resources. Common instruments include the Positive Affect subscale of the PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and other positive emotion inventories assessing the range and intensity of positive feelings.	The Subjective Well-Being (SWB) Scale is a broad category of brief instruments measuring how satisfied people are with their lives and the frequency of positive and negative emotions they experience. Originating from Diener's foundational work in the 1980s, SWB scales operationalize the recognition that well-being is fundamentally subjective—how people evaluate their lives matters more than external objective conditions. Various forms exist, including the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and multi-item composites measuring life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect.