Linganisha mbinu

	Utoaji wa Hitimisho kwa Njia ya Bootstrap	Uchambuzi wa Bahasha ya Data ya Mtandao (Network DEA)
Nyanja	Takwimu	Uchanganuzi wa Ufanisi
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1979	2000
Mwanzilishi	Bradley Efron	Färe & Grosskopf
Aina	Resampling-based inference	Multi-stage nonparametric efficiency model
Chanzo asilia	Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1-26.	Färe, R., & Grosskopf, S. (2000). Network DEA. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 34(1), 35–49.
Majina mbadala	bootstrap, bootstrap resampling, nonparametric bootstrap, Bootstrap Çıkarımı	Network Data Envelopment Analysis, Network Efficiency Analysis, Multi-Stage DEA, Ağ Veri Zarflama Analizi
Zinazohusiana	5	2
Muhtasari	Bootstrap inference, introduced by Bradley Efron in 1979, estimates the sampling distribution of a statistic by repeatedly resampling the observed data with replacement. It requires no distributional assumption and produces reliable confidence intervals even in small samples.	Network Data Envelopment Analysis (Network DEA) is a nonparametric efficiency measurement framework introduced by Färe and Grosskopf (2000) that extends classical DEA to multi-stage or multi-division production processes. Rather than treating a decision-making unit as a black box, it explicitly models the internal structure — the divisions and the intermediate products that flow between them — enabling stage-level and overall efficiency scores to be estimated simultaneously within a single coherent model.