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| Utoaji wa Hitimisho kwa Njia ya Bootstrap× | Uthabiti wa Kiwango cha Thamani ya Kati ya Upotofu kamili (MAD)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Takwimu | Takwimu |
| Familia | Regression model | Regression model |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1979 | 1974 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Bradley Efron | Hampel (influence-curve treatment); classical robust statistics |
| Aina≠ | Resampling-based inference | Robust scale estimator |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1-26. DOI ↗ | Hampel, F. R. (1974). The Influence Curve and Its Role in Robust Estimation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(346), 383-393. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | bootstrap, bootstrap resampling, nonparametric bootstrap, Bootstrap Çıkarımı | median absolute deviation, MAD scale estimator, robust scale estimation, Medyan Mutlak Sapma (MAD) Tahmini |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Bootstrap inference, introduced by Bradley Efron in 1979, estimates the sampling distribution of a statistic by repeatedly resampling the observed data with replacement. It requires no distributional assumption and produces reliable confidence intervals even in small samples. | Median Absolute Deviation estimation is a robust measure of statistical dispersion that replaces the standard deviation when outliers are present. Rooted in the influence-curve framework formalised by Hampel (1974), it summarises the spread of a continuous variable using medians instead of means, so a single extreme value cannot distort the result. |
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