Linganisha mbinu

	Upimaji wa Uzito wa Mifupa katika meno	Sifometri ya Orthodontic
Nyanja	Tiba ya Meno	Tiba ya Meno
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1985 (classification); modern CBCT 2000s+	1931
Mwanzilishi	Lekholm and Zarb (bone quality classification); Hounsfield units standardization	Benjamin Broadbent
Aina	Radiographic and qualitative assessment	Imaging and measurement technique
Chanzo asilia	Lekholm, U., & Zarb, G. A. (1985). Patient selection and preparation. In Brånemark, P.-I., et al. (Eds.), Tissue-integrated prostheses: Osseointegration in clinical dentistry. Quintessence Publishing, 199-209.	Broadbent, B. H. (1931). A new x-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthodontist, 1(2), 45-66.
Majina mbadala	bone quality assessment, trabecular pattern analysis, bone density classification	cephalometric analysis, cephalometric radiography, cephalogram
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Bone density assessment in dentistry evaluates the quantity and quality of alveolar bone supporting teeth or serving as an implant site. Assessment integrates radiographic imaging (panoramic radiographs, periapical films, and cone-beam computed tomography) and clinical examination to classify bone density into four categories (Type I to IV) and to quantify bone loss. Accurate bone density assessment is critical for implant planning, predicting implant success, and adjusting surgical and loading protocols to account for bone quality variations.	Orthodontic cephalometry is a standardized radiographic technique that produces a lateral or postero-anterior skull radiograph from a fixed source-to-film distance and patient position. Introduced by Benjamin Broadbent in 1931, cephalometric analysis enables systematic measurement of skeletal and dental relationships to assess malocclusion, plan treatment, and monitor growth and treatment changes. The technique remains fundamental to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.