Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kibiografia	Uchanganuzi wa Wigo	Grounded Theory
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	Late 19th–early 20th century (Dilthey ~1883; Thomas & Znaniecki 1918–1920)	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	1967
Mwanzilishi	Wilhelm Dilthey (hermeneutic foundations); Thomas & Znaniecki (sociological application); Norman Denzin (interpretive biography)	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
Aina	Qualitative research method	Method	Method
Chanzo asilia	Denzin, N. K. (1989). Interpretive Biography. Sage Publications.	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
Majina mbadala	life history research, biographical method, life story research, biographical narrative inquiry	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	GT, Grounded Theory Approach
Zinazohusiana	6	2	3
Muhtasari	Biographical research is a qualitative method that examines individual lives in depth — through life-history interviews, personal documents, letters, and autobiographical narratives — to understand how personal experience intersects with social, historical, and cultural forces. Rooted in Wilhelm Dilthey's hermeneutics and made prominent in sociology by Thomas and Znaniecki's study of Polish immigrants, it treats the individual life story as a window onto broader social structures and processes. It belongs to the narrative inquiry subfamily alongside oral history and life-story research.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.