Linganisha mbinu

	BHS: Kipimo cha Kutokuwa na Matumaini cha Beck	SPS: Kiwango cha Uwezekano wa Kujiua
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Forensiki	Saikolojia ya Forensiki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1974	1990
Mwanzilishi	Aaron T. Beck, Albert Weissman, David Lester, Lori Trexler	John G. Cull, William S. Gill
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861–865.	Cull, J. G., & Gill, W. S. (1990). Suicide Probability Scale (SPS): Professional manual. Western Psychological Services.
Majina mbadala	BHS, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Hopelessness Assessment	SPS, Suicide Probability Scale, Cull-Gill SPS
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is a 20-item self-report instrument developed by Aaron Beck and colleagues (1974) to measure the degree of hopelessness and pessimism about the future in adolescents and adults. It is grounded in Beck's cognitive theory of depression and suicide and is widely used in clinical, psychiatric, forensic, and research settings to assess suicide risk and identify individuals at elevated risk for self-harm and completed suicide.	The Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) is a 36-item self-report instrument developed by John Cull and William Gill (1990) to assess suicide risk, hopelessness, suicide ideation, negative self-evaluation, and hostility in adolescents and adults. It provides a multidimensional profile of suicide-related cognitions and emotions and is used in clinical, psychiatric, school, and forensic settings to screen for suicide risk and guide treatment planning.