Linganisha mbinu

	BHS: Kipimo cha Kutokuwa na Matumaini cha Beck	NAS-PI: Kiwango cha Hasira cha Novaco na Fahirisi ya Kuchochea
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Forensiki	Saikolojia ya Forensiki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1974	2003
Mwanzilishi	Aaron T. Beck, Albert Weissman, David Lester, Lori Trexler	Raymond W. Novaco
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861–865.	Novaco, R. W. (2003). The Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI): Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
Majina mbadala	BHS, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Hopelessness Assessment	NAS-PI, Novaco Anger Scale, Provocation Inventory
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is a 20-item self-report instrument developed by Aaron Beck and colleagues (1974) to measure the degree of hopelessness and pessimism about the future in adolescents and adults. It is grounded in Beck's cognitive theory of depression and suicide and is widely used in clinical, psychiatric, forensic, and research settings to assess suicide risk and identify individuals at elevated risk for self-harm and completed suicide.	The Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI) is a comprehensive self-report assessment instrument developed by Raymond Novaco (2003) to measure dispositional anger and anger provocation in adolescents and adults. It integrates cognitive-behavioral theory of anger and emotional regulation, serving clinicians, forensic practitioners, and researchers in psychiatric, correctional, and clinical settings where anger dysregulation and aggression risk are clinical concerns.