Linganisha mbinu

	Autoethnography	Utafiti Shirikishi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	Late 20th century (term coined 1979; method consolidated 1990s–2000s)	1946
Mwanzilishi	Carolyn Ellis, Arthur Bochner, Norman Denzin (prominent theorists); David Hayano coined the term in 1979	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury
Aina	Qualitative research method	Method
Chanzo asilia	Ellis, C. (2004). The Ethnographic I: A Methodological Novel about Autoethnography. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759100947	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.
Majina mbadala	auto-ethnography, AE, personal narrative research, self-ethnography	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry
Zinazohusiana	6	1
Muhtasari	Autoethnography is a qualitative research method in which the researcher uses systematic self-reflection and personal narrative to examine their own experiences within a cultural, social, or organizational context. By treating the self as both subject and instrument, autoethnography connects individual lived experience to broader cultural patterns, making personal stories analytically and socially significant. It bridges autobiography and ethnography, producing accounts that are simultaneously evocative and scholarly.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.