Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Tathmini ya Matumizi ya Pombe (AUDIT)	AUDIT-C	Maswali ya Tathmini ya CAGE	Maswali ya Kimataifa ya Shughuli za Kimwili	PROMIS
Nyanja	Upimaji wa Afya	Upimaji wa Afya	Upimaji wa Afya	Upimaji wa Afya	Upimaji wa Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1993	2003	1974	2003	2010
Mwanzilishi	World Health Organization (WHO) collaborative group, John Saunders and colleagues	Babor and colleagues; adapted by Bush and colleagues at Veterans Affairs	John A. Ewing and colleagues	International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH) research consortium	National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
Aina	Alcohol use disorder screening and severity assessment	Brief alcohol consumption screening tool	Brief alcohol dependence screening questionnaire	International standardized physical activity measurement	Computer-adaptive testing and fixed-length patient-reported outcome measures
Chanzo asilia	Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption—II. Addiction, 88(6), 791–804.	Babor, T. F., Higgins-Biddle, J. C., Saunders, J. B., & Monteiro, M. G. (2001). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary care (2nd ed.). World Health Organization.	Ewing, J. A. (1984). Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire. JAMA, 252(14), 1905–1907.	Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., et al. (2003). International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a global physical activity questionnaire. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(8), 1381–1395.	Cella, D., Yount, S., Rothrock, N., et al. (2010). The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS): progress of an NIH Roadmap cooperative group during its first two years. Medical Care, 45(Suppl 1), S3–S11.
Majina mbadala	AUDIT, WHO AUDIT, Alcohol Screening	AUDIT-C Alcohol Screening, Three-Item Alcohol Screen	CAGE, Cut-Annoyed-Guilty-Eye Opener, Alcohol Dependency Screen	IPAQ, IPAQ Short Form, IPAQ-SF, Physical Activity Assessment	PROMIS measures, NIH PROMIS, Computer Adaptive Testing PROMIS
Zinazohusiana	5	5	5	5	5
Muhtasari	The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a 10-item screening and assessment tool developed by the World Health Organization in 1993. It rapidly identifies hazardous alcohol use, harmful drinking, and alcohol dependence across diverse populations. The AUDIT has become the gold-standard alcohol screening instrument in primary care and clinical settings worldwide.	The AUDIT-C is a 3-item brief alcohol screening tool derived from the first three questions of the full AUDIT. Published by Bush and colleagues in 2003, it assesses alcohol consumption frequency and quantity in under one minute. The AUDIT-C has become the standard ultra-brief screen for problem drinking in primary care and emergency departments.	The CAGE is a 4-item brief alcohol screening questionnaire developed by Ewing and colleagues in the 1970s. The acronym represents the four questions: Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye opener. Published in 1984, it has become one of the most widely used brief alcohol screens in medical practice due to its simplicity and historical validation.	The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a standardized self-report measure of physical activity developed by the International Society for Physical Activity and Health in 2003. Available in short (7 items) and long (31 items) forms, it assesses moderate-to-vigorous and light physical activity across work, transportation, household, and leisure domains. It has become the standard global physical activity assessment tool.	The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is a comprehensive, flexible system of patient-reported outcome measures developed by the National Institutes of Health. Launched in 2010, PROMIS measures health across multiple domains using both fixed-item forms and computer-adaptive testing (CAT). It has become the gold standard for outcomes measurement in clinical trials and health systems research.