Linganisha mbinu

	Attitudes Toward Women Scale	Objectified Body Consciousness Scale
Nyanja	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1972	1996
Mwanzilishi	Janet T. Spence and Robert Helmreich	Nita Mary McKinley and Janet Shibley Hyde
Aina	Self-report attitude scale	Self-report multidimensional scale
Chanzo asilia	Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. (1972). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale: An objective instrument to measure attitudes toward the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 2, 66–67.	McKinley, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1996). The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale: Development and validation. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20(2), 181–215.
Majina mbadala	AWS, Spence-Helmreich AWS	OBCS, Objectified Body Consciousness
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS), developed by Janet Spence and Robert Helmreich in 1972, is a self-report Likert instrument that measures beliefs about the appropriate rights and roles of women in contemporary society. Respondents indicate their agreement with statements about vocational, educational, intellectual, marital, and social conduct expectations for women, yielding a single score that ranges from traditional and conservative to egalitarian and liberal.	The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS), developed by Nita McKinley and Janet Hyde in 1996, is a 24-item self-report instrument that measures the extent to which a person experiences their body as an object to be watched and evaluated. It comprises three 8-item subscales — body surveillance, body shame, and appearance control beliefs — grounded in the idea that women in particular internalise an observer's perspective on their own bodies.