Linganisha mbinu

	ARFIMA: Muundo wa Mfumo wa ARMA wenye Viwango vya Nusu	Kielelezo cha Athari Zilizowekwa za Data ya Paneli	Regression ya Kiasi (Quantile Regression)
Nyanja	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1980	2014	1978
Mwanzilishi	Granger & Joyeux (1980); Hosking (1981)	Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data	Koenker & Bassett
Aina	Long-memory time series model	Panel data regression	Conditional quantile regression
Chanzo asilia	Granger, C. W. J. & Joyeux, R. (1980). An Introduction to Long-Memory Time Series Models and Fractional Differencing. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 1(1), 15–29.	Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.	Koenker, R. & Bassett, G., Jr. (1978). Regression Quantiles. Econometrica, 46(1), 33-50.
Majina mbadala	fractionally integrated ARMA, long-memory time series model, ARFIMA / FIGARCH, fractional differencing model	fixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli	conditional quantile regression, regression quantiles, Kantil Regresyon
Zinazohusiana	5	5	5
Muhtasari	ARFIMA is a time series model that captures long-memory behaviour using a fractional differencing parameter d, generalising the integer differencing of ARIMA. It was introduced by Granger and Joyeux (1980) and formalised by Hosking (1981) to describe series whose autocorrelations decay slowly rather than abruptly.	The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014).	Quantile regression models conditional quantiles of an outcome - the median, the 25th or 75th percentile, and so on - rather than the conditional mean that OLS targets. Introduced by Koenker and Bassett in 1978, it reveals how predictors act across the whole distribution, including its tails.