Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kipimo cha Vikomo vya ARDL (Kipimo cha Vikomo cha Pesaran)× | Kipimo cha ushirikiano (Johansen / Engle-Granger)× | Urejeshaji wa Njia ya Viwango Vidogo vya Kawaida (OLS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Ekonometriki | Ekonometriki | Ekonometriki |
| Familia | Regression model | Regression model | Regression model |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2001 | 1988 | 2019 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Pesaran, Shin & Smith | Engle & Granger (1987); Johansen (1988) | Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares |
| Aina≠ | Cointegration test / Autoregressive distributed lag model | Time-series cointegration test | Linear regression |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. DOI ↗ | Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254. DOI ↗ | Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860 |
| Majina mbadala | Pesaran bounds test, bounds testing approach, ARDL cointegration test, ARDL Sınır Testi (Pesaran Bounds Test) | Johansen cointegration test, Engle-Granger cointegration test, long-run equilibrium test, Eşbütünleşme Testi (Johansen/Engle-Granger) | ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The ARDL bounds test is an autoregressive distributed lag method that tests for a cointegrating (long-run level) relationship between time series, introduced by Pesaran, Shin and Smith in 2001. Unlike the Johansen procedure, it remains valid whether the variables are I(0), I(1) or a mix of the two, and it is more reliable than Johansen in small samples of roughly 30 to 80 observations. | The cointegration test examines whether non-stationary time series that each contain a unit root share a stable long-run equilibrium relationship. The single-equation residual approach was introduced by Engle and Granger (1987) and the system-based rank approach by Johansen (1988). | Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE). |
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