Linganisha mbinu

	Upimaji wa Usikivu wa Antimikrobioli katika Tiba ya Mifugo	Mfumo wa Upimaji wa Kliniki katika Tiba ya Mifugo
Nyanja	Tiba ya Mifugo	Tiba ya Mifugo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1960s-present	2000s
Mwanzilishi	Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and veterinary microbiology	Veterinary Pain Society and AAFP
Aina	Diagnostic laboratory pipeline	Assessment pipeline
Chanzo asilia	Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). (2023). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria Isolated from Animals (CLSI M100, 4th ed., Veterinary Supplement). Wayne, PA: CLSI.	Hansen, B. D., Lascelles, B. D., Keates, H., et al. (2015). Painful Osteoarthritis in Cats: Chronic Pain Assessment, Management, and Welfare Considerations. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 17(8), 637-646.
Majina mbadala	antibiotic sensitivity testing, MIC determination, resistance profiling	clinical assessment scoring, veterinary patient scoring
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is a systematic in vitro laboratory method that determines which antimicrobial agents are effective against an isolated bacterial or fungal pathogen. Standardized by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and other regulatory bodies since the 1960s, AST guides targeted therapeutic decisions, supports infection control, and generates epidemiological data on resistance patterns essential for combating antimicrobial resistance in animal populations.	Clinical scoring systems provide standardized methods for objectively assessing animal health status, pain, disease severity, and treatment outcomes. Developed progressively by veterinary organizations and research groups since the early 2000s, these systems enable consistent documentation, comparison of cases, and evidence-based clinical decision-making across species and practice settings.