Linganisha mbinu

	Altman Z-Score: Kutabiri Kufilisika kwa Mashirika	Uchambuzi wa DuPont
Nyanja	Fedha	Fedha
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1968	2008
Mwanzilishi	Edward Altman	DuPont Corporation; Soliman
Aina	Multiple discriminant analysis scoring model	Profitability decomposition framework
Chanzo asilia	Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589–609.	Soliman, M. T. (2008). The use of DuPont analysis by market participants. The Accounting Review, 83(3), 823–853.
Majina mbadala	Altman's Z-Score Model, Multiple Discriminant Analysis Bankruptcy Model, Z-Score Financial Distress Model, Altman Z-Skoru	DuPont Decomposition, DuPont Identity, Return on Equity Decomposition, DuPont Analizi
Zinazohusiana	3	2
Muhtasari	The Altman Z-Score is a linear discriminant model developed by Edward I. Altman in 1968 to predict corporate bankruptcy using five accounting-based financial ratios. Derived through multiple discriminant analysis on a matched sample of 66 US manufacturing firms, the model combines liquidity, profitability, leverage, solvency, and activity ratios into a single composite score that classifies firms as financially sound, distressed, or in a grey zone.	DuPont Analysis is a financial performance framework that decomposes Return on Equity (ROE) into three multiplicative components: net profit margin, asset turnover, and the equity multiplier. Originally developed by engineers at DuPont Corporation in the early 1920s, the method gained renewed academic prominence through Soliman (2008), who demonstrated that market participants exploit DuPont decompositions to forecast future earnings and to distinguish sustainable from transient profitability.