Linganisha mbinu

	R² iliyorekebishwa (R²_adj)	Kosa la Wastani Lililopigwa Mraba (MSE)
Nyanja	Tathmini ya Modeli	Tathmini ya Modeli
Familia	MCDM	MCDM
Mwaka wa asili	1961	1809
Mwanzilishi	Henri Theil	Carl Friedrich Gauss
Aina	Penalized goodness-of-fit metric	Squared-error loss function
Chanzo asilia	Theil, H. (1961). Economic Forecasts and Policy. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.	Gauss, C. F. (1809). Theoria Motus Corporum Coelestium in Sectionibus Conicis Solem Ambientium. Hamburg: Perthes and Besser.
Majina mbadala	Adjusted R², R²_adj	MSE, L2 error, quadratic error
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	Adjusted R² is a corrected version of the coefficient of determination that accounts for the number of predictors in a regression model. Introduced by Henri Theil in 1961, it addresses the fundamental limitation of standard R²: the tendency to increase whenever any predictor is added, regardless of whether that predictor contributes meaningfully to explaining the target variable.	Mean Squared Error is the foundational loss function for regression models, measuring the average squared deviation between predictions and observations. Originating from Gauss and Legendre's method of least squares (1805-1809), MSE is the basis for ordinary least squares regression and remains central to modern machine learning optimization.