Linganisha mbinu

	Jaribio Kontroli la Kubadilika kwa Kubahatisha (Adaptive RCT)	Uchanganuzi Mfuatano (Muundo Mfuatano wa Kikundi)
Nyanja	Muundo wa Majaribio	Takwimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
Mwaka wa asili	1980s–2000s (formalized; earlier sequential testing roots from Wald, 1947)	1977
Mwanzilishi	Donald Berry and others; foundational adaptive trial methods developed through 1980s–2000s biostatistics literature	P. C. O'Brien & T. R. Fleming; P. C. Pocock
Aina	Experimental design — adaptive variant of RCT	Sequential / adaptive hypothesis test
Chanzo asilia	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584887690	O'Brien, P.C. & Fleming, T.R. (1979). A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials. Biometrics, 35(3), 549–556.
Majina mbadala	Adaptive RCT, Response-adaptive RCT, Adaptive clinical trial, Platform trial	sequential testing, group sequential design, interim analysis, Sıralı Analiz (Sequential Testing / Group Sequential Design)
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	An adaptive randomized controlled trial (adaptive RCT) is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow modifications to the trial while it is ongoing — such as changing allocation ratios, dropping underperforming arms, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — based on accumulating interim data. These adaptations are planned before the trial starts and governed by statistical rules to preserve Type I error control and validity.	Sequential analysis is a framework for conducting hypothesis tests with pre-planned interim looks at accumulating data, allowing a study to stop early for efficacy or futility while controlling the overall Type I error rate. The group sequential approach was formalised by Pocock (1977) and O'Brien and Fleming (1979), and remains the standard for confirmatory clinical trials and rigorous A/B experiments.