Linganisha mbinu

	Actor-Network Theory Analysis	Controversy Mapping
Nyanja	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1984	2010
Mwanzilishi	Bruno Latour, Michel Callon, John Law	Bruno Latour (Sciences Po médialab); codified by Tommaso Venturini
Aina	Material-semiotic theory and analytic method	Qualitative descriptive method and pedagogy
Chanzo asilia	Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780199256051	Venturini, T. (2010). Diving in magma: how to explore controversies with actor-network theory. Public Understanding of Science, 19(3), 258-273.
Majina mbadala	ANT analysis, Sociology of translation, Actant-network mapping	Cartography of controversies, Mapping scientific controversies, Controversy analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Actor-Network Theory analysis treats society and technology as a single woven fabric, mapping how heterogeneous human and non-human actors—engineers, scallops, documents, machines, regulators—are linked into networks through a process of translation. Rather than explaining technical outcomes by appeal to pre-given social categories, ANT follows the actors themselves and describes how durable arrangements are assembled, stabilised, and sometimes undone.	Controversy mapping is a descriptive method for exploring and representing socio-technical disputes while they are still open and unsettled, before they harden into accepted facts or stable technologies. Developed as a teaching practice by Bruno Latour and codified by Tommaso Venturini at the Sciences Po médialab, it asks the analyst to dive into the heat of a debate, follow the actors and their arguments without prematurely taking sides, and render the resulting complexity legible through maps and visualisations. It treats controversy not as a pathology to be resolved but as the privileged moment in which the social and the technical are visibly being assembled.