Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Utafiti Shirikishi× | Uchanganuzi wa Wigo× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Utafiti wa Kimaelezo | Utafiti wa Kimaelezo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1946 | 1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell) |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell |
| Aina | Method | Method |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 1 | 2 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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