Linganisha mbinu

	Kifaa cha Kurekodi Doppler cha Sauti	Usafirishaji wa Ekman	Kasi ya Kijiografia
Nyanja	Oseanografia	Oseanografia	Oseanografia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1983	1905	1942
Mwanzilishi	RD Instruments	Vagn Walfrid Ekman	Harald Sverdrup
Aina	instrumental	theoretical-method	theoretical-method
Chanzo asilia	RD Instruments. (1996). Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Principles of Operation. A Practical Primer. RD Instruments Technical Note.	Ekman, V. W. (1905). On the influence of the Earth's rotation on ocean currents. Arkiv for Matematik, Astronomi och Fysik, 2(11), 1-52.	Sverdrup, H. U., Johnson, M. W., & Fleming, R. H. (1942). The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology. Prentice-Hall.
Majina mbadala	ADCP	Ekman Spiral, Wind-driven Transport	Geostrophic Current, Thermal Wind Equation
Zinazohusiana	3	3	3
Muhtasari	The Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) is an instrument that uses Doppler-shifted acoustic backscatter to measure water velocity profiles along a vertical profile. Developed by RD Instruments in the 1980s, it has become the standard method for high-resolution current profiling in oceanographic research. ADCPs provide unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution of ocean circulation patterns.	Ekman transport is the net volume flux of water driven by wind stress balanced with Coriolis force in the surface boundary layer. Derived by Vagn Walfrid Ekman in 1905 from the principle that wind stress is transmitted through the water column in a spiral pattern, Ekman transport is responsible for coastal upwelling and important oceanographic transports. The theory links surface wind patterns directly to ocean circulation.	Geostrophic velocity is the current driven by balance between the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force, derived from the thermal wind equation. In most of the ocean away from the equator and coastal boundaries, geostrophic balance is an excellent approximation to the actual flow. Developed by Harald Sverdrup and colleagues in the 1940s, geostrophic velocity calculation from hydrographic data enables estimation of ocean currents without direct current measurements.