Linganisha mbinu

	Maswali ya Uzoefu Mbaya wa Utoto (ACE)	Impact of Event Scale
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Trauma	Saikolojia ya Trauma
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1998	1997
Mwanzilishi	Vincent J. Felitti et al.	Daniel S. Weiss & Charles R. Marmar
Aina	Structured interview/self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245-258.	Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale—Revised. In J. P. Wilson & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 399-411). Guilford Press.
Majina mbadala	ACE, ACE Score, ACE Questionnaire	IES-R, Revised Impact of Event Scale
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The ACE Questionnaire is a 10-item instrument assessing exposure to adverse experiences during childhood, including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Originally developed by Felitti and colleagues at Kaiser Permanente in 1998 as part of the landmark Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, the ACE Score quantifies cumulative childhood trauma and has become a foundational public health tool for identifying individuals at elevated risk for chronic physical and mental health conditions.	The IES-R is a 22-item self-report scale measuring subjective distress from a specific traumatic event. Developed by Weiss and Marmar in 1997 as a revision of the original 1979 Impact of Event Scale, it assesses posttraumatic stress symptoms along three core dimensions: intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. The scale is widely used in clinical research, trauma assessment, and treatment monitoring.