Linganisha mbinu

	Muundo wa AB	Muundo wa ABA	Muundo wa ABAB
Nyanja	Muundo wa Majaribio	Muundo wa Majaribio	Muundo wa Majaribio
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1960s	1968	1960s (Sidman 1960; Baer et al. 1968)
Mwanzilishi	Murray Sidman; Baer, Wolf & Risley	Montrose Wolf, Donald Baer, Todd Risley (applied behavior analysis tradition)	Murray Sidman; Baer, Wolf & Risley (applied behavior analysis formalization)
Aina	Single-subject experimental design	Single-subject experimental design	Single-subject experimental design
Chanzo asilia	Sidman, M. (1960). Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology. Basic Books.	Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1(1), 91–97.	Sidman, M. (1960). Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology. Basic Books.
Majina mbadala	baseline-intervention design, AB single-case design, AB phase design	reversal design, withdrawal design, ABA withdrawal design	reversal design, withdrawal design, ABAB reversal, operant reversal design
Zinazohusiana	4	4	4
Muhtasari	The AB design is the simplest single-subject experimental design, consisting of two sequential phases: a baseline phase (A) in which the target behavior is observed under natural conditions without intervention, followed by an intervention phase (B) in which the treatment or manipulation is introduced. Changes in the behavior's level, trend, or variability between phases are used to infer the effect of the intervention on the individual participant.	The ABA design is a single-subject experimental design that demonstrates experimental control through three sequential phases: a baseline phase (A1), an intervention phase (B), and a return-to-baseline withdrawal phase (A2). By removing the intervention in the final phase and observing whether behavior reverts toward baseline levels, researchers establish a functional relationship between the treatment and the target behavior for an individual participant.	The ABAB design is a single-subject experimental methodology that establishes causal control by repeatedly introducing and removing an intervention. A baseline phase (A) is followed by an intervention phase (B), then a return to baseline (A), and a second intervention phase (B), allowing the researcher to demonstrate that observed behavior changes are produced by the intervention rather than by coincidental factors.