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| Ripley K-funktion× | Gearys C rumslig autokorrelation× | Getis-Ord Gi* Hot Spot-analys× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ämnesområde | Rumslig analys | Rumslig analys | Rumslig analys |
| Familj≠ | Hypothesis test | Hypothesis test | Regression model |
| Ursprungsår≠ | 1977 | 1954 | 1992 |
| Upphovsperson≠ | Brian Ripley | Roy C. Geary | Arthur Getis and J. Keith Ord |
| Typ≠ | Spatial point pattern test | Global spatial autocorrelation statistic | Local spatial statistic |
| Ursprungskälla≠ | Ripley, B. D. (1977). Modelling spatial patterns. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 39(2), 172–212. DOI ↗ | Geary, R. C. (1954). The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping. The Incorporated Statistician, 5(3), 115–146. DOI ↗ | Getis, A. & Ord, J.K. (1992). The Analysis of Spatial Association by Use of Distance Statistics. Geographical Analysis, 24(3), 189–206. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | Ripley's K Function, Second-Order Intensity Function, K(d) Function, Ripley K Fonksiyonu | Geary contiguity ratio, Geary's contiguity ratio, global spatial autocorrelation, Geary C mekânsal otokorelasyon | hot spot analysis, cold spot analysis, Gi* statistic, local Gi statistic |
| Närliggande≠ | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Sammanfattning≠ | The Ripley K function, introduced by Brian Ripley in 1977, is a second-order summary statistic for spatial point patterns. It measures how the number of points within a given distance d of a typical point compares to what would be expected under complete spatial randomness (CSR). Widely used in ecology, epidemiology, criminology, and geography, the K function reveals whether events cluster, disperse, or distribute randomly across a study area at multiple spatial scales simultaneously. | Geary's C is a global measure of spatial autocorrelation — whether nearby locations tend to have similar values — introduced by Roy Geary in 1954. Unlike Moran's I, which is built on the covariation of values around the mean, Geary's C is built on the squared differences between neighbouring values, making it more sensitive to local, short-range variation. Values below 1 indicate positive spatial autocorrelation (similar neighbours), near 1 indicate randomness, and above 1 indicate negative autocorrelation. | Getis-Ord Gi* is a local spatial statistic, introduced by Getis and Ord in 1992 and refined in 1995, that compares the value at each location and its neighbours against the global mean to identify statistically significant clusters of high values (hot spots) and low values (cold spots). |
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