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	Mixed-Use Index	Accessibility Analysis
Ämnesområde	Urban Studies	Human Geography
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1997	1959
Upphovsperson	Cervero & Kockelman (land-use diversity / 3Ds); Frank et al. (entropy walkability term)	Walter G. Hansen
Typ	Index of how evenly land uses are mixed within an area	Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location
Ursprungskälla	Cervero, R., & Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel demand and the 3Ds: density, diversity, and design. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2(3), 199–219.	Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76.
Alias	Land-Use Mix Entropy, Land-Use Diversity Index, Herfindahl Land-Use Index, Entropy Land-Use Mix	Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index
Närliggande	4	4
Sammanfattning	A mixed-use index measures how evenly different land uses — residential, retail, office, civic, industrial — are blended within an area, turning the planning ideal of vibrant, walkable mixed-use districts into a number. The dominant formulation borrows the entropy measure from information theory: a value near zero when one use dominates and near one when uses are perfectly balanced. Popularised through the 'density, diversity, design' framework of Cervero and Kockelman and embedded in walkability indices by Frank and colleagues, these indices quantify land-use diversity for studies of travel behaviour, walkability and urban vitality.	Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning.