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| Matchad nästlad fall-kontrollstudie× | Fallstudie× | |
|---|---|---|
| Ämnesområde | Epidemiologi | Epidemiologi |
| Familj | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Ursprungsår≠ | 1970s | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s |
| Upphovsperson≠ | Mantel (1973), Thomas (1977); formalized by Breslow & Day (1980) | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s |
| Typ | Observational analytic study design | Observational analytic study design |
| Ursprungskälla≠ | Rothman, K.J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T.L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 |
| Alias | matched NCC study, nested case-control with matching, matched risk-set sampling, incidence density matched case-control | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis |
| Närliggande≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Sammanfattning≠ | A matched nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. When a participant develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of controls are sampled from those still at risk at that moment and matched to the case on key variables such as age, sex, or calendar time. This design preserves the temporal structure of the underlying cohort while sharply reducing the cost of exposure measurement. | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. |
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