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	Hyperarousal-skala	Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale
Ämnesområde	Sömnmedicin	Sömnmedicin
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	2020	2005
Upphovsperson	Riemann, D., Krone, L. B., Wulff, K., Nissen, C.	Broomfield, N. M., Espie, C. A.
Typ	Self-report; physiologic measurement	Self-report
Ursprungskälla	Riemann, D., Krone, L. B., Wulff, K., & Nissen, C. (2020). Sleep, insomnia, and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(1), 74-89.	Broomfield, N. M., & Espie, C. A. (2005). Initial insomnia severity index scores in primary care strongly predict outcome after cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(11), 1409-1415.
Alias	Hyperarousal Scale, Sleep-Related Hyperarousal	GSES, Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale
Närliggande	3	3
Sammanfattning	The Hyperarousal Scale is an assessment tool measuring elevated physiologic and cognitive activation during sleep and wakefulness in insomnia patients. Rooted in contemporary understanding of insomnia as a disorder of hyperarousal (excessive vigilance, elevated muscle tension, racing thoughts, heightened startle response), the scale quantifies the degree to which increased arousal level contributes to insomnia. Hyperarousal is increasingly recognized as a core mechanism underlying insomnia, distinguishing insomnia from simple sleep deprivation.	The Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES) is a brief instrument designed to measure the degree of mental and behavioral effort exerted in attempting to fall asleep. Developed by Broomfield and Espie in 2005, the GSES captures a key cognitive-behavioral maintenance mechanism in insomnia: excessive effort to sleep, anxiety about sleep performance, and counterproductive behaviors (trying hard to fall asleep, monitoring sleep, checking the clock) that paradoxically perpetuate sleep difficulty. The GSES is increasingly recognized as an important outcome measure for cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I).